Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is a
process of making a three-dimensional solid object of virtually any shape from
a digital model.
3D printing is achieved using an additive
process, where successive layers of material are laid down in different shapes.
3D printing is considered distinct from
traditional machining techniques, which mostly rely on the removal of material
by methods such as cutting or drilling (subtractive processes).
A materials printer usually performs 3D
printing processes using digital technology. Since the start of the
twenty-first century there has been a large growth in the sales of these
machines, and their price has dropped substantially.
The technology is used in jewelry, footwear,
industrial design, architecture, engineering and construction (AEC),
automotive, aerospace, dental and medical industries, education, geographic
information systems, civil engineering, and many other fields.
Methodes
·
Inkjet
printing
·
Digital
light processing
·
Flux
deposition modeling
·
Photopolymerization
·
Printing
with ice
General principles
Modeling
Additive manufacturing takes virtual blueprints
from computer aided design (CAD) or animation modeling software and
"slices" them into digital cross-sections for the machine to
successively use as a guideline for printing. It is a WYSIWYG process where the
virtual model and the physical model are almost identical.
Printing
To perform a print, the machine reads the
design from an .stl file and lays down successive layers of liquid, powder, or
sheet material to build the model from a series of cross sections. These
layers, which correspond to the virtual cross sections from the CAD model, are
joined together or automatically fused to create the final shape. The primary
advantage of this technique is its ability to create almost any shape or
geometric feature.
Finishing
Though the printer-produced resolution is
sufficient for many applications, printing a slightly over sized version of the
desired object in standard resolution, and then removing material with a
higher-resolution subtractive process can achieve greater precision.
Some additive manufacturing techniques are capable
of using multiple materials in the course of constructing parts. Some also
utilize supports when building. Supports are removable or dissolvable upon
completion of the print, and are used to support overhanging features during
construction.
The 3D printing process allows you to print a
digital design into a tangible object through a layering process, this
technology has been worked since the year of 1976, with the emergence of the
printer ink but it was not until 1984 that Charles Hull invented stereolithography
prototype 3D printer
Jet printing.
A 3D printing method consists in the inkjet
printing system. The printer creates the model layer by spreading a layer of
powder layer (plastic or resin) and injected into the injection coaligante
section of the piece. The process is repeated until all layers have been
printed.
This is the only technology that allows
printing of full color prototypes, allowing further slimline or outgoing.
CONCLUSION
3D printing is becoming a revolution. What
initially began as a technology to print small objects from a three-dimensional
file is starting to jump to other areas seemingly unimaginable.
3D printers offer the possibility of
reproducing objects without physically transporting something that continues to
be fascinating.
3D printing technology to create full color
models thanks to the combined effect of the four ink heads. The color
distribution is extremely accurate.
Print materials are cheaper than other
solutions rapid prototyping, making 3D printers machines well suited for
continuous production environments.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.interempresas.net/Construccion/Articulos/29600-La-impresion-3D.html
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresi%C3%B3n_3D
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing
http://www.maestrosdelweb.com/editorial/impresiones-3d-en-la-educacion/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8_vloWVgf0o
